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Edward Baines (1774–1848)
Edward Baines (1774–1848) was an English newspaper proprietor, politician, and author of historical and geographic works of reference.
==Biography==
Edward Baines was born in 1774 at Walton-le-Dale, near Preston, Lancashire. He was educated at Hawkshead Grammar School, and at grammar school in Preston, and at the age of sixteen was apprenticed to a printer in Preston. After remaining there for four years and a half, he moved to Leeds, finished his apprenticeship, and at once started his own business. He took a keen interest in political and social movements. His political opinions led him to sympathize with non-conformity and he soon joined the Independents.
In 1801 the assistance of party friends enabled him to buy the ''Leeds Mercury''. Provincial newspapers at that time did not possess much influence; it was no part of the editor's duty to supply what are now called "leading articles", and the system of reporting was described as "defective" by the ''1911 Encyclopædia Britannica.'' Baines made a complete change in the ''Mercury.'' His political articles gradually made the paper the organ of Liberal opinion in Leeds, and the connection of the Baines family with the paper made their influence powerful for many years in this direction. Baines soon began to take a prominent part in politics; he was an ardent advocate of parliamentary reform, and it was mainly by his influence that Thomas Macaulay was returned for Leeds in 1832; and in 1834 he succeeded Macaulay as member. He was re-elected in 1835 and 1837, but resigned in 1841.
In parliament he supported the Liberal party, but with independent views. Like his son Edward after him, he strongly advocated the separation of church and state, and opposed government interference in national education. His letters to Lord John Russell on the latter question (1846) had a powerful influence in determining the action of the government. He died in 1848. His best-known writings are: ''The History, Directory and Gazetteer of the County of York''; ''History, Directory and Gazetteer of the County of Lancaster''; ''History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster''. He was also the author of a ''History of the Wars of Napoleon'', which was continued under the title of ''A History of the Reign of George III''. Some of these were co-written with Thomas Baines.
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